Culture and Technological Innovation
Ghasemali Sabouri; Dorna Ahmadi darani
Abstract
a world without discrimination is a requirement of peace and tranquility, and the efforts of the United Nations and its affiliated organizations, such as the committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), aim to achieve these goals.some of which have led to lawsuits in the International ...
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a world without discrimination is a requirement of peace and tranquility, and the efforts of the United Nations and its affiliated organizations, such as the committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), aim to achieve these goals.some of which have led to lawsuits in the International Court of Justice and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. However, there are essential points, such as the correct definition of racial discrimination and its various forms. In this paper, the concept of racial discrimination in international documents and conventions has been explained. Then the case of Qatar against the UAE on the subject of racial discrimination is investigated in the position of the International Court of Justice and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Finally, By presenting the proceedings in the International Court of Justice and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Criminal Law
Shima naderi; Majid Motallebi
Abstract
The right to environment is viewed as a concept of human rights third generation in the international arena. Since the environment is recognized as a common heritage of humanity in international documents so as not to endanger the lives of present and future generations, damage to this rich heritage ...
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The right to environment is viewed as a concept of human rights third generation in the international arena. Since the environment is recognized as a common heritage of humanity in international documents so as not to endanger the lives of present and future generations, damage to this rich heritage must be prevented or reduced using explicit criminal law requirements in treaties and conventions. The study depicts the criminal protection of the right to a clean environment through library tools with a descriptive-analytical method aimed at presenting the governments’ role in international environmental conventions. Governments only have civil liability for environmental degradation. However, considering the environment as a common heritage of humanity, crimes against it are considered as crimes against humanity. On the other hand, these crimes jeopardize international peace and security; therefore, the wrongdoing government can be prosecuted under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter and convicted to paying compensation.
Abbas Poorhashemi
Abstract
This article aims to describe and analyze the challenges and opportunities for the development of international law. It attempts to provide some knowledge regarding global issues that requires an immediate collective response from the international community. Creating a better world for present and future ...
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This article aims to describe and analyze the challenges and opportunities for the development of international law. It attempts to provide some knowledge regarding global issues that requires an immediate collective response from the international community. Creating a better world for present and future generations require measures and anticipation of future crises (environmental challenges, global warming, human rights, health issues, discriminations, demographic growth, etc.). Significant transformations are taking place in the world, and that they will require a new approach to global governance. COVID-19 pandemic had and will have profound and lasting economic, political and social consequences in every corner of the globe. However, international law as a body of law that governs relations between states, international organizations and private persons exposes its vulnerabilities. Recent developments in the international community have made awareness of international law necessary and inevitable as the fully effective law of a fully functioning global society.
Criminal Law
Delphine Defossez
Abstract
Today’s challenges scream for a different type of response. Globalization and the emergence of new transnational threats, such as terrorism, have created new realities and fundamentally changed the nature of the purpose of international law. International law can help set up a framework, but terms ...
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Today’s challenges scream for a different type of response. Globalization and the emergence of new transnational threats, such as terrorism, have created new realities and fundamentally changed the nature of the purpose of international law. International law can help set up a framework, but terms of homeland defence to make the country less vulnerable have to be set by each country. Until now, no international definition of terrorism has been produced, creating tensions between states and allowing states to enact laws against the opponents to the regime. At the same time, one of the reasons for the lack of definition at international level is that countries stick to their national vision of terrorism. This vicious circle raises the question of whether it is not time to abandon the domestic approach to international law in order to successfully define terrorism at international level.
Daniel Freire e Almeida
Abstract
This working paper is divided into three sections that provide the relevant knowledge and innovative arguments of the internal organization of the International Tribunal for the Internet. It is significant noted that the innovative proposal is a result of the challenges that international law has been ...
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This working paper is divided into three sections that provide the relevant knowledge and innovative arguments of the internal organization of the International Tribunal for the Internet. It is significant noted that the innovative proposal is a result of the challenges that international law has been suffering from the new digital dimensions provided by the Internet and Electronic Commerce, including a General Assembly, the General Secretariat, the Judge’s Chamber, the Chamber of Prosecutors, the International Association of Lawyers, and the Diplomats of the Tribunal. This article in fact has as its main objective to present the organizational structure formulated by the author to create an International Tribunal for the Internet. All therefore to be established due to the challenges that the jurisdictions of the national and regional spaces confront to apply their judicial decisions and laws in the international dimension of the Internet.
Bostjan M. Zupancic
Abstract
This paper is a Chapter from the author’s latest book, ON THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Eleven Publishing, 2019. The work is an attempt at a critical understanding of the spirit of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as implemented, by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ...
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This paper is a Chapter from the author’s latest book, ON THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Eleven Publishing, 2019. The work is an attempt at a critical understanding of the spirit of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as implemented, by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECtHR) – starting with the appointment of the “new Court” in 1998 and up to 2016. The Court, which had begun to function in 1959, has been ever since at the intersection of the two great Western legal traditions. In this perspective, “human rights” are the procedural safety valve, a conduit to the international jurisdiction supposedly capable of resolving authoritatively what could not have been resolved domestically. It is illusory to search in this context for the “essence” of human rights since here “human rights” is practically everything that could not have been properly adjudicated at the domestic level.
